In fact, there are so many things to say regarding essential oils, but this section will be interested in coriander as aromatic plant and its essential oil. Essential oils are classified as “Generally Recognized as Safe” (GRAS) by the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) therefore, they are not counted as harmful and, due to their natural origin, are more widely endorsed by consumers than “synthetic” agents, if it is used reasonably and carefully. Moreover, essential oils are the main therapeutic agent in aromatherapy as it forms mixtures with vegetal oil in several forms. Essential oils are also commercially important, especially in the pharmaceutical, agronomic, food, sanitary, and cosmetic and perfume industries. The essential oils are exhibited in many important biological activities and discussed in many kinds of the literature but mainly antibacterial and antifungal activities are dominated. Analytical monographs have been published by European Pharmacopeia (EP), International Organization of Standardization (ISO), World Health Organization (WHO), Council of Europe (COE) to ensure good quality of essential oils. In addition, innovative techniques can be covered supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and microwave hydro diffusion and gravity (MHG). By the way, distillation is absolutely the most common method of obtaining essential oils. The conventional methods to obtain the essential oils are hydrodistillation, steam distillation, solvent extraction, Soxhlet extraction, cold pressing method, enfleurage, cohobation, and maceration. The physiological effects of the essential oils are not clear but can say that protect the plants against microorganisms, insects, or attract them for the pollination. The flavor (fragrance and flavor) of the essential oils is marvelous due to reflecting their corresponding sources as mean basically plant. The essential oils known as fragrant oils, steam volatile liquids, or semiliquids, ethereal oils are concentrated hydrophobic aromatic oil. The chemical composition of the essential oils is quite complex including mostly terpenes (monoterpenes and partly sesquiterpenes formed by isoprene) and aromatic compounds derived from phenylpropane and phenolic constituents. Briefly, essential oils are secondary metabolites biosynthesized in different plant organs obtained by mainly hydrodistillation from almost all parts of the aromatic plants growing temperate regions in the world, of the secretory special elements with volatile properties along with characteristic fragrances, as limpid and rarely colored, soluble, in organic solvents. In many kinds of the literature, the essential oils have been defined. Essential oil or essence is referred to by this name due to their flammable principle. In the history, the term essential oil dated back to the sixteenth century and comes from the drug Quinta essentia, named by Swiss physician Paracelsus von Hohenheim of Switzerland. The essential oils are the most popular secondary metabolites of the plants, used for thousands of years (over 5000 years) regarding the variety of objectives, principally for their health benefits. The plants and their secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) take part in increasingly in foods, in health, and in nutritive products. Medicinal and aromatic plants have been very popular in all the time for the culinary, medicinal, and many other purposes. The current section focuses on coriander oil in different forms, including the plant, its terpenoid profile, and all the miracle effects of coriander together with future prospects. The use of coriander in different forms includes a wide range of fresh and dried herbs. Nowadays, the fruits exhibit internally carminative, spasmolytic, and galactagogic effects in many disorders. It is mainly cultivated for the seeds (fruits) that contain essential oil, fatty acids, coumarins, flavonoids, and polyphenols. The genus Coriander was represented in Flora of Turkey by two different species called C. Coriander (Cilantro, Kişniş, Chinese parsley, Coriandrum sativum) is extensively recognized in almost every recipe. The plant used in folk medicine, especially in Egypt, it has been known as one of the earliest spices. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a very popular medicinal plant that belongs to Apiaceae family in taxonomic classification, which is widely used as a spice and also in pharmacy and in food industries.
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